剛地弓形蟲是一種小型細胞內(nèi)寄生蟲的生活循環(huán)性和一個無性階段。性發(fā)育僅限于（可能只）貓的腸細胞;卵囊形成分泌和抗由于其細胞壁他們可能感染在有利的情況下至少1年。動物和人是弓形蟲的中間宿主的無性增殖:攝取寄生蟲宿主細胞內(nèi)增殖爆炸將Z終溶解它們。他們傳播通過循環(huán)和全身淋巴系統(tǒng)雖然可以感染任何細胞類型。在肌肉和大腦細胞囊腫形成球狀,直徑約5 - 100μm。

貪欲剛地弓形蟲的第二代

剛地弓形蟲是一種小型細胞內(nèi)寄生蟲的生活循環(huán)性和一個無性階段。性發(fā)育僅限于(可能只)貓的腸細胞;卵囊形成分泌和抗由于其細胞壁他們可能感染在有利的情況下至少1年。動物和人是弓形蟲的中間宿主的無性增殖:攝取寄生蟲宿主細胞內(nèi)增殖爆炸將zui終溶解它們。他們傳播通過循環(huán)和全身淋巴系統(tǒng)雖然可以感染任何細胞類型。在肌肉和大腦細胞囊腫形成球狀,直徑約5 - 100μm。囊腫在中間居屋計劃幾乎是不朽的

剛地弓形蟲是zui常見的寄生蟲在人體內(nèi),但其豐度(7 - 80)是高度依賴于地理區(qū)域,社會經(jīng)濟地位和營養(yǎng)海關(guān)。感染很少引起弓形蟲病,通常沒有臨床癥狀,但可能在免疫抑制者和胎兒產(chǎn)生嚴重的問題。

因為只有一個主懷孕期間感染可能是危險的,甚至是致命的未出生的(先天性感染的概率大約是50%),zui近爆發(fā)的感染必須被排除在外。

在超過98%的情況下,孕婦缺乏IgM排除近期感染的可能性。在新生兒anti-toxoplasma IgM的存在就足以證實先天性弓形體病,孕產(chǎn)婦IgM以來,與免疫球蛋白,不穿過胎盤屏障。但大量感染嬰兒不開發(fā)檢測IgM水平,因此是假陰性。在免疫抑制患者弓形體病導(dǎo)致嚴重并發(fā)癥主要由活化的早期潛伏性感染。

物種	疾病	癥狀	感染的機制
弓形蟲Godndii	弓??體病	獲得Toxopasmosis: 淋巴結(jié)病,脈絡(luò)膜視網(wǎng)膜炎 先天性弓形體病: 頭小畸型腦積水,顱內(nèi)鈣化,慢性的脈絡(luò)膜視網(wǎng)膜炎	由食物攝入的卵囊,包括貓的糞便或受污染的土壤的污染水 攝入的囊腫生吃或煮熟的肉不夠,特別是豬肉 先天性感染

感染的診斷則需要通過:

• PCR(病毒RNA的檢測)
• 環(huán)境影響評價,ELISA(特定抗體的檢測)。

免疫球蛋白g剛地弓形蟲抗體的存在表明感染的發(fā)生,但不區(qū)分近期和過去的感染。特異性IgM抗體是*檢測到十天和峰值大約4周后感染。他們可能持續(xù)超過七個月后急性感染?；谧C據(jù)表明抗體活動性逐漸增加暴露后免疫原,貪欲的免疫球蛋白抗體可以用作標(biāo)記區(qū)分近期主要從長期感染。貪欲描述特定的抗體對抗原的結(jié)合強度。Low-avidity免疫球蛋白抗體表明原發(fā)感染,而免疫球蛋白抗體的存在與高活動性指向持久性或繼發(fā)感染。

打算使用

的NovaLisa®貪欲剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g ELISA旨在表明t gondii-specific免疫球蛋白熱望在人類血清或血漿(肝素,檸檬酸)區(qū)分急性和過去的感染

性能特點:

的NovaLisa®貪欲剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g測試已經(jīng)評估了使用與樣品弓形體病急性和過去的感染?？倲?shù)量84定義病人樣本測試。這些樣本提供的醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)研究所免疫學(xué)和寄生蟲學(xué),波恩大學(xué)。

		定義樣本
		低的熱望	高活動性	總	協(xié)議 (%)
NovaLisa®貪欲剛地弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g測試	低的熱望	46	0	46	100年
	高活動性	0	38	38	100年
	總	46	38	84年	100年

訂單信息:

ELISA	的數(shù)量決定	產(chǎn)品編號
弓形蟲免疫球蛋白	96年	TOXG0460
弓形蟲IgMµ-capture	96年	TOXM0460
弓形蟲免疫球蛋白g貪欲測試	96年	ATOX7460

 

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Avidity Toxoplasma gondii 2nd Generation

Toxoplasma gondii is a small intracellular parasite, whose live cycle has a sexual and an asexual phase. Sexual development is restricted to the intestinal cells of (probably exclusively) cats; the oocysts formed are excreted and due to their resistant cell walls they may be infectious under advantageous circumstances for at least 1 year. Animals and man are intermediate hosts for the asexual proliferation of T. gondii: the ingested parasites will proliferate explosively within the host cells lysing them eventually. They disseminate throughout the body via circulation and lymphatic system and though may infect any cell type. In muscle and brain cells cysts are formed which are spheroidal and about 5-100 μm in diameter. Cysts are virtually immortal in the intermediate hos

Toxoplasma gondii is the most common parasite in humans, but its abundance (7-80 %) is highly dependent on the geographic area, the socioeconomic status and the nutritional customs. Infection only rarely causes toxoplasmosis and usually clinical symptoms are absent, but may produce severe problems in immunosuppressed persons and fetus.

Because only a primary infection during pregnancy may be dangerous and even fatal for the unborn (the probability of congenital infection is about 50 %), the recent onset of an infection must be excluded.

In pregnant women in over 98 % of cases, the absence of IgM excludes the possibility of recent infection. In newborns the very presence of anti-toxoplasma IgM is sufficient to confirm a congenital toxoplasmosis, since maternal IgM, unlike IgG, does not cross the placental barrier. But a significant number of infected infants do not develop detectable IgM levels and thus are false negative. In immunosuppressed patients toxoplasmosis causes severe complications mostly by reactivation of an earlier latent infection.

 

Species	Disease	Symptoms	Mechanism of Infection
Toxoplasma Godndii	Toxoplasmosis	Acquired Toxopasmosis: lymphadenopathy, chorioretinitis Congenital Toxoplasmosis: hydrocephalus, microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, chronical chorioretinitis	Ingestion of oocysts by food, including water contaminated feces of cats or contaminated soil Ingestion of cysts by eating raw or insufficiently cooked meat, esp. pork Congenital infection

Infections may be diagnosed by:  

• PCR (detection of viral RNA)
• EIA, ELISA (detection of specific antibodies).

The presence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii indicates the occurrence of the infection but does not distinguish between recent and past infection. Virus-specific IgM antibodies are first detected ten days and peak at about four weeks post infection. They may persist for more than seven months after acute infections. Based on the evidence that antibody avidity gradually increases after exposure to an immunogen, avidity of IgG antibodies can be used as a marker for distinguishing recent primary from long-term infections. Avidity describes the binding strength of a specific antibody to its antigen. Low-avidity IgG antibodies indicate a primary infection, whereas the presence of IgG antibodies with high avidity points to persistency or reactivation of infection.

Intend Use

The NovaLisa^® Avidity Toxoplasma gondii IgG ELISA is intended to indicate the T. gondii-specific IgG avidity in human serum or plasma (citrate, heparin) to differentiate between acute and past infection

Performance Characteristics:

The NovaLisa® Avidity Toxoplasma gondii IgG Test has been evaluated for use in Toxoplasmosis with samples of acute and past infections. A total number of 84 defined patient samples were tested. These samples were supplied by the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and  Parasitology, University Bonn.  

		Defined Samples
		Low Avidity	High Avidity	Total	Agreement (%)
NovaLisa® Avidity Toxoplasma gondii IgG Test	Low Avidity	46	0	46	100
	High Avidity	0	38	38	100
	Total	46	38	84	100

Order information:

ELISA	Number of Determinations	Product Number
Toxoplasma IgG	96	TOXG0460
Toxoplasma IgM µ-capture	96	TOXM0460
Toxoplasma IgG Avidity Test	96	ATOX7460